Memo letter. Arbitration advocacy Essay

Memo Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear All, it is with great pleasure that I would like to bring to your attention that the company has reached a decision on implementing a MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT, which is to take effect as from the start of next month of November 2014. The decision was reached after lengthy discussions and consultations with major stakeholders within and outside the company, as well as your labour union representatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are various benefits or advantages of arbitration which will arise when it comes into effects. These advantages will include:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Improved relationships and harmony among employees. Arbitration will help reduce animosity and grudges since it will provide a chance for parties involved in a dispute to work out their differences, hence create an environment that supports differences(Cooley, & Lubet, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other advantage of arbitration is that it will help reduce the expenses that you incur when you take the disputes to court or take other measures which require use of resources (Cooley, & Lubet, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The amount of time that is required to resolve the disputes will be less hence leaving you with a lot of time to concentrate on your duties and increase your productivity (Cooley, & Lubet, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, based on the above advantages and many more which you will realize, it is advisable that all should embrace this new method of settling disputes for the progress of the company as well as for your personal benefits and development. Regards, HR Manager Reference Cooley, J. W., & Lubet, S. (2003). Arbitration advocacy. Notre Dame, IN: National Institute for Trial Advocacy. Source document

Indians vs. Europeans

Shelby Bradley The idea of a brand new world across the ocean sparked interest in many Europeans. They saw it as an opportunity to get rich quick and benefit immensely. The issue they didn’t see was the presence of the Native Americans who were already on the land. The Europeans sailed into North America and immediately started excluding the Indians and taking their land. This caused many conflicts between the two groups, especially in the New England and Spanish Southwest region and during the 1600’s. In 1620, the first New England settlement was founded. It was at a site called Plymouth Rock and was the location of the Mayflower Compact. At first the colonists had lots of trouble figuring out how to grow crops and hunt and basically survive in this new world. The local Native Americans showed them how to farm and hunt and soon the colony prospered. It’s hard to understand why so many conflicts occurred when clearly the Native Americans weren’t fighting our arrival. The colony was doing so well that other people from Europe saw opportunity and starting moving to New England. Soon the colony was overcrowded and the colonists started taking the Indians’ land. They also hunted too much, spread their diseases to the Indians, and also tried to convert them to Christianity. The Indians did not take this lightly. They started to fight back. For example, they killed Anne Hutchinson and her family. The Europeans’ greed was the root of these conflicts and the Native American’s response didn’t help their relationship either. Meanwhile there were also problems in the Spanish Southwest. By the 1600’s most of South and Central America were occupied by Europeans, so the Spanish started heading north. The Spanish immediately killed and enslaved any Indians that they ran into. By the time they reached New Mexico, slavery was in full swing and they were trying to convert the Indians to Christianity as well.

Howard Gardner And His Theory Of Multiple Intelligences Education Essay

Howard Gardner, born on July 11th, 1943, is one of modern twenty-four hours ‘s greatest psychologists. ( Smith ) He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania to parents who escaped from Germany because they were Jewish. ( Winner ) The holocaust was an influential factor in his life. ( Gardner ) Another great influence in his life is the decease of his brother Eric, although his parents seldom talked about the affair, it significantly impacted his thought and development. ( Smith ) In other words, his household and equal greatly shaped who he became today. ( Myers 118 ) He was a superb immature kid, who ended up traveling to Harvard University with a grade in Law but his involvement in psychological science and the societal scientific disciplines grew. ( Gardner ) Finally he developed his theory of Multiple Intelligence in 1983 in his book Frames of Mind: theory of multiple intelligences. ( Gardner ) During that clip period psychological science was progressively popular. For illustrat ion, a outstanding field during the 80 ‘s and 90 ‘s is cultural psychological science which assumes the thought that civilization and head are inseparable. ( â€Å" Cultural Psychology † ) Besides that clip period contained a batch of economic, societal and general alteration which makes his new thought more acceptable. More significantly the fact that he is American agencies that he grew up in a free thought society so he can take from what he learned and transforms it into what he believes is true so base on balls on his sentiments. Three other psychologists who influenced him greatly are Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner and Nelson Goodman. ( Gardner 3 of 7 ) Jean Piaget who deals with the nature of cognition and how worlds can bit by bit to obtain it, make it, and utilize it. Besides, Jerome Bruner contributed to cognitive psychological science and cognitive acquisition theory in educational psychological science. Goodman dealt with inductive concluding based on human wont. ( Gardner 3 of 7 ) The three of them goes along with Gardner ‘s statement of how kids learn cognition. Besides their plants caused Gardner to go more interested in societal scientific discipline. Waldorf instruction developed in the early 1900s by Rudolf Steiner was similar to Gardner ‘s thoughts. ( Why Waldorf Works ) It was about incorporating practical, artistic and conceptual elements into larning. This instruction emphasizes imaginativeness and creativeness so that pupils can develop into free, morally responsible and incorporate persons. The first Waldorf School was opened in Germany in 1919 and now there are many schools get downing to utilize methods of Waldorf instruction. ( Why Waldorf Works ) Last an thought credited to be developed by Jerome Bruner in the 1960 ‘s is find larning which promoted custodies on tilting where scholars draw from his or her ain experience and anterior cognition. ( â€Å" Discovery Learning ( Bruner ) † ) So there were many factors that influenced his thought and that pushed him to develop his theory. His theory trades with how worlds have many different ways to larn and treat information. ( â€Å" Howard Gardner ‘s Multiple Intelligences theory † ) He believes that everyone has different degrees of intelligence in each class which is why some kids learn some things faster than others. Gardner believes that intelligence is normally defined by psychometries but it does non adequately describe people ‘s broad mixture of cognitive abilities. IQ trials can sometimes be taken excessively earnestly but it can non find future success ( Gardner 3 ) . Even college aptitude trials are â€Å" thinly cloaked intelligence trials. † ( Myer 432 ) For illustration a kid that takes longer to larn generation does non intend the kid is dense but that the kid is more intelligent in other countries. In the facet of instruction, Gardner wants to prioritise because he believes the cognition we learn is superficial, â€Å" a stat mi broad an inch deep † . ( Guignon ) He r ecognizes that â€Å" Students learn in ways that are identifiably typical † so he promotes more pupil centered as opposed to teacher centered larning which is a really practical thought. Harmonizing to Garner, there are 8 perchance 10 intelligences ; spacial, lingual, logical, bodily, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and realistic. Spatial is the ability to visualise with the head ‘s oculus. ( Chapman ) Linguistic intelligence trades with words, spoken or written. These people learn best by reading, taking notes, listening to talks, and treatment. ( Chapman ) Logical-mathematical is about logic, abstractions, concluding, and Numberss, concluding capablenesss scientific thought and probe traditional constructs of â€Å" intelligence † or IQ. ( Chapman ) Bodily-kinesthetic is the control of one ‘s bodily gestures and the capacity to manage objects skilfully. Musical intelligence trades with sounds, beat, tones, and music sing, play musical instruments. ( Lane ) Interpersonal intelligence is about interaction with others. They are largely extraverts, characterized by their sensitiveness to others ‘ tempers, feelings, dispositions and motiv es and collaborate good with others. ( Lane ) Intrapersonal is the introverted and self-reflective capacities. Those people are introverted but good at decoding their ain feelings and motives. ( Lane ) Lastly is realistic who deals a batch with nature associating information to one ‘s natural milieus. The 9th intelligence is non to the full confirmed yet but it is experiential which is about contemplating phenomena or inquiries beyond centripetal informations. And eventually, the ten percent is moral intelligences covering with moralss and the value of life. ( Chapman ) His theory greatly changed the heads of many and started the development of more across-the-board schools. Traditionally, schools have highlighted the development of logical and lingual intelligence but many pupils do non larn good in that environment. ( Lane ) Gardner ‘s theory argues that pupils will be better served by a wider vision of instruction, wherein instructors use different methods to learn all pupils non merely the few that are intelligent logically or linguistically. ( Guignon ) Although, many instructors see the theory as simple common sense and some even say they already know that pupil learn in different ways, Gardner ‘s system has non been accepted by most faculty members instructions. ( Guignon ) Some schools nevertheless, have developed to better fit Gardner ‘s thoughts. For illustration, one of the most celebrated schools that implement Gardner ‘s theory is the New City School in St. Louis, Missouri. This school has been utilizing the theo ry since 1988 ( â€Å" Why New City School † ) There has been much unfavorable judgment for his theory though. Some say he uses the word intelligence in topographic point of ability. ( Gilman ) Others say that he has non settled on a individual definition of intelligence though he admits himself that he has no fixed definition. ( Gilman ) Last and most significantly, he has no empirical grounds for this theory. ( Smith ) In fact, some neurological research disproves his theory and his old plants has major defects. ( Smith ) Recently, the current No Child Left Behind act passed by the Bush disposal does non embrace his theory at all because the Act is about holding pupils all pass standardized trials while he wants to acquire rid of those trials in order to make out to every kid ‘s demands. ( â€Å" No Child Left Behind Act ( NCLB ) | ESEA † ) His theory affects us so much today because it relates to instruction ; Gardner goes into how schools merely teach superficial cognition significance schools teach a batch of everything but non in deepness into anything so some childs may stand out in one country but non the other. ( Gardner ) There is excessively much shoal cognition so he suggests that kids should larn and really understand constructs non merely larn for taking a trial. ( Smith ) If he obtains more support for his theory, the whole instruction system will hold to be changed. But his thought of an instruction system should work good because this will assist do the instruction system m ore just and embracing for all childs. Right now, some kids that may look like they are neglecting school but their failure is non because they are dense but because the manner topics are taught in school is non how he or she can grok and use. ( Gardner ) Even though Gardner ‘s theory is appealing, it will likely non work because there is no widespread support particularly from authorities. ( No Child Left Behind Act ( NCLB ) | ESEA ) Besides, single instructors particularly in lower classs have unconsciously adapted parts of his theories but because in higher classs there is more lecture manner instruction, his theory seldom applied to higher instruction. ( Guignon ) Furthermore there is so much contention over this theory because it keeps on altering and there is no cogent evidence which makes it difficult to wholly believe this theory. ( Smith ) Additionally, since Gardner is still alive, he can maintain on altering his theory and acquiring more grounds and support. ( Gardner ) Lastly, some schools have already adapted his theory such as the New metropolis school. This school published many books about implementing this theory in more schoolrooms such as the school ‘s instructors have produced two books for instructors, Observing Multiple Intelligences and Succeeding With Multiple Intelligences and the principal, Thomas Hoerr, has written Becoming a Multiple Intelligences School in add-on to many articles on the practical applications of the theory. ( â€Å" Multiple Intelligences Resources ) The school has besides hosted four conferences, each pulling over pedagogues from around the universe. ( â€Å" Why New City School † ) The school remains a valuable resource for instructors interested in put to deathing the theory in their ain schoolrooms. It is clear that Howard Gardner has had an of import impact on today ‘s psychological science universe and instruction. His continuity to â€Å" dispute an educational system that assumes that everyone can larn the same stuffs in the same manner † has decidedly made an impact in the universe as many schools have recognized the different ways kids learn. ( Lane ) Should his theory go more prevailing, who knows what out instruction system will be like in the hereafter.

Quaility management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quaility management - Essay Example Therefore, total quality management is a customer driven process (Rawlins, 2008, p. 37). This paper seeks to discuss the assistance available to organizations seeking to improve quality. Total quality management is meant to focus on customers and non-customers. It is mandatory for the organization to ensure their major decisions are focused on the customer. Moreover, an organization is bound to carry out a research on customer perception about its service to know of its strength and weakness in order to effect appropriate improvements. In addition, having an understanding of non-customers will help an organization to have an insight on the modalities employed by the competitors. Secondly, an organization should ensure that it maintains continuous improvement. A good organization will have a service research program that managers will always consult when making decisions. Service quality information will assist in identifying any major shortfall likely to occur and a swift action will be taken (Oakland, 2003, p. 230-233). Moreover, employee’s involvement is essential for proper total quality management achievement. Employee research is just like customer research. Employee can be used to review the quality of nay service before it is released to the consumer as what happen internally to an organization affects the service offered to the customer. Employees are also aware of the problems and challenges that affect the quality of any service offered by a particular organization. Additionally, ensuring teamwork between employees will act as a benchmark for quality service delivery. Workers will be motivated to serve at their level best and will be able to accept quality criticism. Team involvement may also act as a source of motivation to proper service delivery. Moreover, open discussion in an organization should be encouraged and employee

Applying Arguments about Economics and Place Essay

Applying Arguments about Economics and Place - Essay Example It gives a detailed explanation of why the poorer people in the United States of America seem to acquire and store more invaluable stuff as compared to the fairly financially stable people. According to Paul Graham’s article, one of the articles in unit two, the contemporary American market is full of cheap stuff as compared to the traditional America (Paul 1). People used to undervalue stuff and only accumulated only a portion of what they bought and considered absolutely valuable to them. In the contemporary America, however, people seem to overvalue stuff despite the fact that they are cheaper as compared to the traditional stuff. Paul tries to give an explanation to why poorer people are more likely to value stuff with lesser value as compared to the fairly rich people. He explains that he would pick things left by friends when they moved to new homes because he was poor, and useless stuff seemed useful to him. This is an implication that poor feel that they will perhaps make use of stuff in the future despite the fact that the same stuff might be useless to them at that particular moment (Paul 1). That is a confirmation of the uncertain future that the poor face. Paul further explains that stuff in an illiquid asset and this might only change when one finds immediate use for it. In addition to that, stuff becomes a liquid asset only when one sells the stuff immediately he or she acquires it at a higher price compared to the buying prices. Therefore, stuff that is accumulated over a period of time becomes uneconomical. As a matter of fact, the stuff becomes expensive to keep because it occupies space thereby demanding for storage space. For this reason, Paul explains that it is worth noting that once one does not have immediate use for whatever he or she is trying to acquire, he or she probably never will have use for that object (Paul 1). The increase of stuff in the markets, both used and new, is attributed to the increased

CHOOSE ONE CHOICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CHOOSE ONE CHOICE - Essay Example The contention of this paper is to examine Descarte’s mediation and determine if it they are a true representation of reality and whether the senses, as he claims are untrustworthy. During this mediation, he is sitting by the fire and commences by asking himself whether he can be sure he is sitting there doing what he thinks he is doing. He argues that he can be sure because his senses tell him so. He can feel his hands and the flames on them- surely, this should be sufficient proof that these things are happening? However, he questions this by comparing it to a dream. When he is dreaming, he imagines and believes things that would not make sense if he were awake. He even suggests that should he act in or feel as he does in his dreams, he would likely be assumed mad (Springett). He admits that he cannot really tell the different between being asleep and awake since the sensations are the same only one is abstract and the other concrete. He tries to differentiate between being awake and asleep; he can confirm that he is not asleep since he can feel the warmth of the fire and his eyes are wide. This would have been proof of his being awake except for the fact that he knows he has deceived himself thus previously while dreaming. Therefore, he posits that in view of the past occasions in which his senses have misled him, he would be unwise to trust them without question. In the process of eliminating the things he cannot prove, he examines the concept of a divine creator who he believes is all-good and all-powerful. Why then, he enquires, is it possible for him to be deceived if God in his ultimate power and goodness does indeed exist? He considers that it may not be God who is in charge of the universe but a cunning deceiver who tries to make sure we believe whatever we perceive to be true by confusing us (Springett). Descartes determines to defeat this being by refusing to believe anything but instead

Exploring the continuity between heritage and nationalism Essay

Exploring the continuity between heritage and nationalism - Essay Example At the heart of the concept of nationalism therefore is the recognition and portrayal of this nation and the creation of an identification of its people. This can be done through the fostering of national heritage. Heritage is an important and indispensable addition to the concept of national identity and has evolved simultaneously with nationalism. The connection between nationalism and heritage is evidently strong. The nation is a concept built by heritage. Nations will cease to exist without their national heritage. The Relationship between Nationalism and Heritage Heritage, defined as â€Å"that which has been or may be inherited† (Howard, 2003, p. 6), developed from a set of philosophies and ideas, which openly represent ‘modernity’. The modern period, as usually described, frequently espouses a Eurocentric worldview. 18th- and 19th-century Europe are regarded as the zenith of modernism as secularism developed during the Renaissance finally translated into th e Enlightenment of the 18th century, with its support for and confidence in human rationality. The idea of European nation-state was formed within this perspective (Howard, 2003, p. 6). Similar to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment is regarded as being characterised by its specific interpretation of heritage. Consequently, the modern period is characterised by the development of various accounts of nationalism as the â€Å"ideology of belongingness† (Corsane, 2005, p. 3) and primary component of validation in state-building process. As stated by Woolf (Corsane, 2005, p. 3): National identity is an abstract concept that sums up the collective expression of a subjective, individual sense of belonging to a socio-political unit: the nation state. Nationalist rhetoric assumes not only that individuals form part of a nation (through language, blood, choice, residence, or some other criterion), but that they identify with the territorial unit of the nation state. The character of a nation is an aspect related to its attitude toward its national heritage. Basically, national heritage is defined as shared memories of a society emphasising symbols, cultural objects, historical experiences, and people which are viewed as prerequisites for the existence of nation (Labadi & Long, 2010, p. 39). The more components such as symbols and cultural objects that are integrated into a dynamic appreciation and recognition of national heritage, the stronger the concept of national identity and the more intense and committed the nationalism of the community. Thus, when the English appreciated their national heritage, particularly their diverse English intellectuals and literary geniuses, they showed a strong and passionate sense of being‘English’ (Laurajane, 2006, p. 136). Moreover, according to Borelli and Lenzerini (2012), the attempt of Eastern European peoples to restore their 19th-century national heritage, with its focus on commemorating historical events and past grandeurs, is a perfect example of strengthening the sense of nationalism. In this visualisation of a nation that is also the native soil of inhabitants who share cultural similarities, heritage is the most important tool in the development or building and consequent cultivation of a national identity. National heritage and nationalism evolved simultaneously while the concept of ‘nation’

G-20 and other Global Organizations Research Paper

G-20 and other Global Organizations - Research Paper Example G-20 initiates close cooperation with other international organizations like World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Financial Stability Board, and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision; moreover, experts from private and governmental organizations have been invited to the summit on an ad hoc basis (www.g20.org). New financial policies adopted by the core committee have evoked severe response from the public in many countries, particularly, Canada. Toronto was the hot potato during this jolt as it gathered world’s major financial leaders amidst warnings that their failure to cooperate on core financial and economic issues cold cost tens of millions of jobs across the globe. The inapplicability of the policies of G-8 resulted in framing a more powerful G-20 to overcome the financial crises the world face at the moment. The G-20 richest countries in the world gathered to facilitate discussions on international financial meltdown and finding out repairs to international capitalist system. The problem starts when the G-20 meeting is announced as the protestors keep in focus the issues related to continued lockouts and strikes at factories, job cuts, pension destructions, eviction of houses, rise in unemployment, uncertainty and homelessness of employees. The meeting essentially takes place to discuss only problems such as recession, bank failures, regulatory wreckage, falling trade, rising unemployment and anti poverty targets. Whenever there is a G-20 meet, it is common to see a large crowd of people gathering at the spot to protest the meeting with various reasons of their claims. As reported by Schneider & Wilson (2010), Toronto’s policy intended to further exploit the environment and people sing a system that sustains colonialism, wars and displacement was opposed largely by a gathering of tens of thousands of people at Toronto. The activists were capable of demonstrating their struggles

How to write about africa by Binyavanga Wainaina Essay

How to write about africa by Binyavanga Wainaina - Essay Example Binyavanga elaborates further by citing some cultural practices and traditions in Africa and the animals that inhabit the place. He also talks about the possible characters that may be included in the article on Africa. Among those characters that he mentioned are the Loyal Servant, the Ancient Wise Man, the Modern African and the Starving African (Wainaina 93). Lastly, the author suggests that writers should not forget to include the sunset in Africa. He emphasizes too that overpopulation must also be added in portraying Africa and that AIDS and WAR are the factors that contribute to its depopulation (Wainaina 95). I agree with the author that most articles about Africa touch on the topics that he enumerated. However, I feel that it is also grossly exaggerated which may be partly due to the fact that he and other Africans are severely hurt by the way they are being portrayed by most authors. I appreciate the satirical style that he employed in presenting his arguments. The essay is one whole irony which I think is effective in convincing the readers to agree with the author’s claims. The essay is replete with the various stereotypes which have been and are still ascribed to Africa, which Binyavanga wants to correct through his work. I liked the way the author ended his essay with the phrase, â€Å"Because you care† (Wainaina 95). I think that it evokes a strong message, that is, if a writer cares about Africa, then he should be more objective and truthful and portray Africa not according to the usual stereotype images and false representations. Although indirectly, I think that Binyavanga is implying that if a writer still creates an article about Africa the way he described it, then he may be considered insensitive and

Invasive Species Position Paper Grading Rubric Essay

Invasive Species Position Paper Grading Rubric - Essay Example Later these AHBs were found in Arizona, California and Southern parts of United States. AHBs are more adaptable to tropical regions where the abundance of flora is dependent on unpredictable rainfall. As an adaptability to this factor AHBs they frequently swarm to new habitats, reproduce rapidly with shorter developmental life cycles and survive even on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar. Economic threat: Essential need for honey bees to pollinate crops as well as honey production is the matter of great economic concern. Americans are known to consume about 275 million pounds of honey every year. In this context AHBs produce less honey and wax when compared to EHBs. They also produce less wax affecting the manufacture of candles, polish and floor wax. Due to frequent swarming and extensive hive abandoning nature they are less preferred in managed beekeeping industry. Ecological threat: i) They compete and displace local EHBs and other pollinators for nectar and pollen. ii) AHBs invade EHB hive and are capable of upsurging the hive and replacing the EHB queen. In a single generation the EHB matriline is eliminated and the entire EHB hive being Africanized (DeGrandi-Hoffman 2006). iii) Studies of DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA 2004) have shown that when EHB queens were inseminated with equal proportions of African and European drone sperms, the EHB queen preferred African sperms, producing on an average of about 70% AHB offspring. These factors may eventually decrease the abundance of other bee species which affects pollen harvest and reduce EHB progeny. Social threat: AHBs are more aggressive and sting in greater number on less provocation and respond to any disturbances such as loud noises, strong odors around the hive. They are able to sense threat within 100ft and track upto 1/4th a mile. A sting of a single bee releases a pheromone which stimulates other bees to agitate and attack. The sting of AHBs is know to cause anaphylactic shock. The venom of the bee triggers the release of histamine which can lead to vasodilation and loss of blood pressure. If the condition is not reversed within short time it may lead to death of the person due to shock. Methods of control AHBs are better pollinators when compared to EHBs as they emphasize on brood rearing and growth of the colony rather than honey production. Hence their complete elimination is not a wise option. Agricultural Research Service scientists along with groups like the American Beekeeping Federation, the American Honey Producers Association and the Apiary Inspectors of America have been entrusted with the job of finding the solution to the problem of AHBs in US. Two popular basic methods of control are i) Drone flooding: By limiting the possibility of Africanized drones mating with Europeans queens where commercial reared queen bee has a chance to mate with common honey bees. ii) Requeening: replacing queen of

Super Size Me Analysis Essay Example for Free

Super Size Me Analysis Essay To some, eating solely off the McDonald’s menu for thirty days to see what the effects may be is looked down at as an attack on unhealthy and fast food corporations, but to many, Super Size Me is an incredible documentary that helps shine a light on the horrendous effects that fast food has on our society. Morgan Spurlock’s rules are simple: only food off of McDonald’s menu may be eaten, he must consume three meals a day, if asked to super size he must, and everything on the menu must be eaten at least once. On day one he goes and gets baseline measurements of his body from numerous health and medical experts to be able to gauge himself as the month progresses, and from there on out, it’s chow time. Morgan Spurlock’s Super Size Me digs beyond the obvious correlation between fast food and poor health. Spurlock exposes the flaws in our society’s choice of food, makes the point that personal responsibility is essential, and openly criticizes corporate and government deniability. By using an extremely personal setting, a plethora of unforgettable visuals, interesting dialogues, a steady change in tone, and incorporation of children, Spurlock effectively delivers his message that fast food is a fast way to deteriorate your state of health. Morgan Spurlock, unlike many other documentary producers, creates an extremely personal point of view. He does so by allowing the viewer to see over his own shoulder, and not a random test subject, to watch his month long McDonald’s binge. Spurlock immediately, and at times humorously, opens up completely to the audience. Before the viewer knows it, Spurlock is half naked at the doctor’s, throwing up on camera, and being torn apart by his wife about his in ability to perform in the bed. By having this more personal and open point of view, Spurlock is able to earn more of the audience’s trust making it easier for him to get his message across. Second to the personal setting, the visual effects utilized by Spurlock make the message of the documentary hard to forget. Without fail, every two to five minutes a McDonald’s â€Å"Golden Arches† appear somewhere on the screen, making it hard for the audience not to pair a negative denotation with it by the end of the film. Aside from all of the McDonald’s signs, the camera consistently zooms in, as close as one would ever want to be, to Spurlock’s super sized french fries and extra greasy Big Mac. Watching the repetitiveness of close ups on processed, fried, and poorly made food is enough for any viewer to not want to east fast food for quite sometime. Spurlock also uses simple charts, such as the ones to display his portrait as days pass, to allow the viewer to easily see the trend of negative health increasing directly with the amount of time spent on his McDonald’s diet. Another interesting visual Spurlock uses is the satanic drawings of what appears to be Ronald McDonald. The pictures are demonic and are supposed to depict Ronald as a ruthless clown and not someone a little kid would like to be around. And if all of these visuals weren’t enough, Spurlock goes even further when he shows a common body weight reduction surgery in action. The viewer first sees probes with cameras and tools inserted into the patient’s repulsively large belly, and then ends up inside the patient’s fat filled stomach watching the surgeons nip and tuck away. Spurlock makes it very hard for the viewer to forget what his message is with all of these images that stick in the back of your mind. From the head of McDonald’s to a middle school kid buying lunch, Spurlock carries out an assortment of dialogues throughout the documentary. Although many are significant, the most memorable and effective would have to be the conversations Spurlock has while visiting Madison Junior High School. He first confronts a girl with only cookies and french fries on her plate and asks her if she’s going to eat anything else. The girl simply says no. Spurlock moves on to the lunch line and asks a girl if she was going to get anything else other than french fries on her plate and she responds, â€Å"Well I’m getting milk†¦ its my calcium and my vegetables. † If you weren’t disgusted with the kid’s food choices alone, Spurlock moves on to the lunch ladies to get their two cents on the food being served at their school. The lunch ladies were content with the saying â€Å"ignorance is bliss. They serve the kids french fries, swiss rolls, and high sugar drinks, assuming that they had brought their own sandwich from home, but none of them ever checked to see. They all claim that they are setting up the kids to make the right choices yet most of the kids aren’t. All of these dialogues Spurlock has at the Junior High School in Illinois were very eye opening, and made the viewer feel obligated to see more of what is going on behind the scenes at their own local schools. Further on in the film, Spurlock calls McDonald’s  Headquarters trying to set up an appointment with someone high up in the corporation. Nearly every phone call he made he is promised either a message be delivered, a return phone call, or a good time to call back. Following close to twenty phone calls later, Spurlock gives up trying to schedule an appointment with the head of McDonald’s. After seeing Spurlock get shot down time and time again, it makes the viewer wonder if McDonald’s is trying to dodge a question that could damage their reputation, as well as contemplate how unprofessional their business is run. Another key strategy Spurlock uses throughout his month long McDonald’s stint is the gradual change in tone. From the beginning, Spurlock is very excited to kick off his McDonald’s exclusive diet and has a cheerful tone and positive attitude. After a couple of days turn into a couple of weeks, Spurlock’s tone changes drastically. Instead of optimistic and cheery, like from the beginning of the month, Spurlock now has a rather negative and dire one. Phone calls between him and his girlfriend that once were normal, turn in to him seriously questioning his will to continue with his experiment. Spurlock’s tone and attitude are easily noted as having a negative correlation with days spent on the McDonald’s diet. By showing this trend, Spurlock is able to emphasize the emotional, rather than just the physical, effects of his diet to the viewers. Throughout the documentary, Spurlock continuously incorporates children to capture the viewer’s attention and to show that the obesity problems start at a young age. â€Å"A Pizza Hut, a Pizza Hut, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and a Pizza Hut. McDonald’s, McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and a Pizza Hut† is sang by young children, some being obese, right at the start of the film. If this doesn’t raise a red flag in one’s head that children are being taught how to sing America’s most unhealthy fast food restaurants in school, I’m not sure what will. Spurlock also spends a decent portion of his documentary in schools. He examines the food choices available to the kids, asks them about what they eat, and observes their physical education class. The most effective use of incorporating children is the interviews he conducts by holding up pictures of famous Americans and famous fast food icons, then asking the children who they are and what they were. Some of the children could identify George Washington and what he did, but as soon as Spurlock showed them a picture of Jesus all were stumped, one boy even guessed he was George W. Bush. Then the pictures of Wendy and Ronald McDonald were shown, and to no surprise every kid there knew exactly who Ronald was and that he is associated with McDonald’s. By putting this emphasis on young children being led down the wrong path at an early age, makes the viewers compelled to believe that our society is going wrong with teaching healthy food choices. Whether it was the personal touch, visuals, dialogues, change in tone, real footage, or incorporation of children, Morgan Spurlock does an impeccable job provoking Americans to question their choice in food and influencing them to take action. When the final results of Spurlock’s experiment are posted (13% weight increase, cholesterol level of 230, and dysfunctional liver) it’s going to be very hard for me to walk into a McDonald’s. So, next time I’m faced with the choice of eating at fast food or taking a little time of my day to cook myself a meal, I definitely know which one I’ll be doing, but the real question is will everyone else?

Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God Essay Example for Free

Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God Essay Consider the fearful danger you are in; it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in Hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you. The sovereign pleasure of God, for the present, stays his rough wind; otherwise it would come like a whirlwind, and you would be like the chaff of the summer threshing floor. 1. Explain the mood of this passage. The mood is Somber and Serious. 2. Using specific examples, give one example of a metaphor, one example of a simile, and one example of an allusion that Edwards uses in this passage from the sermon to elicit this particular mood. A Great furance of warth like a whirlwind the summer threshing floor 3. What specific words (minimum of three) does he choose to make his tone clear? Danger, Wrath, Damned in hell 4. What images (pictures in the listeners mind) does Edwards use in the passage to make his tone clear? What effect do those images have on establishing the tone of the piece? Gods Rough Wind- Tone is Serious 5. In the last two paragraphs of the sermon Edwards talks about an extraordinary opportunity his congregation has. What is this opportunity? How does his sermon persuade the congregation to take advantage of this opportunity?

The Lamb and the Tyger Analysis

The Lamb and the Tyger Analysis William Blake was an 18th century visionary, poet, mystic, and artist. Blakes romantic style of writing allowed him to create contrasting views as those in The Lamb and The Tyger. From a young age Blake used his imagination that was frowned upon and unfortunately was never greatly appreciated during his lifetime. William Blake believed that it was the chief function of art to reveal the truth of the spiritual world by liberating imagination (Bowman 53). It wasnt until after Blakes death that his work finally received some attention. Known as a romantic, Blake continued throughout his writing to radically question religion and politics; He was very critical of the church, putting forth the effort to attack and question it. Blake put his own insight into his poems to raise the public awareness in a personal attempt to seek the truth. Perhaps he is most famous for his creative and simplistic Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience that influenced the other Romantic poets with themes of good and evil, heaven and hell, and knowledge and innocence. With regards to religion, William Blake opposed the views of the Christian church and its standardized system. Blake, having more of a spiritual position than a religious one, considered himself as a monistic Gnostic, meaning that he believed what saved a persons soul was not faith but knowledge (Harris 1). Blakes view of religion was considered blasphemous, and in his works he was concerned with the character of individual faith than with the institution of the Church, its role in politics, and its effects on society and the individual mind (SparkNotes Editors 1). Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger is more suggestive to the nature of God. The idea is that the same God who made the lamb also made the tiger, so unless it is suggested that God created evil, then the tiger must not be evil. The fact that the same God created both the lamb and tiger suggest that they just represent two different sides of God: Two different aspects of existence. Blakes perception of good and evil isnt just one extreme to the other, instead, the ambiguity of evil isnt evil; it is just the other side of good. Blake technically didnt believe in a dichotomy, the division into two usually contradictory parts or opinions. Blake portrays his argument that a human being cannot be completely good or completely evil. This trait does not exist within human beings, and therefore does not exist in God. The other writers and minds of the 18th century were mainly deists, the belief based solely on reason. They did not show interest in the nature of God as Blake did, instead, reason was their god. In the poem The Lamb, William Blake incorporates his unique style through the use of religious symbolism, creative lines, and simple patterns. The Lamb was a part of a series of poems called the Songs of Innocence that was published in 1789. Poems that were more simplistic in style and nature became more contrition and prophetic in Songs of Experience. Through simplistic structure, he chose the narrator of a child, as in this poem, told through childlike eyes, speaking of the innocence in all of human life, and that the lamb is Christ, marveling over Gods creations. The dramatic perspectives and continual allusiveness of the lyrics in The Lamb have shown to be a key factor in Blakes writing and have been interpreted and reinterpreted by critics and readers ever since Blakes death. Blake utilizes his rhetoric genius by symbolically expressing the appearance of the lamb to that of the nature of God. Within the poem, Blake brings up an interesting concept by stating, He is called by thy name / For he calls himself a Lamb, the lamb not only suggest innocence and the meaning of life, but at the same time conveys the theme that Christ is the lamb (Blake 662). The poem comments on how he is meek and he is mild, thus giving God the characteristics of goodness and purity (Blake 662). This gives a varying contrast to Blakes poem The Tyger as it advocates the speculation of evil. William Blakes, The Tyger, is the poetic counterpart to the Lamb of Innocence from his previous work, Songs of Innocence, thus creating the expression of innocence versus experience What immortal hand or eye / Dare frame thy fearful symmetry (Blake 770). The Tyger is part of the continued series of lyrics titled Songs of Experience that was published in 1794, as a response to the Songs of Innocence. The Songs of Experience are interpreted as the child, conveyed in Songs of Innocence, matures to adulthood and is molded by the harsh experiences and negative forces that reality has on human life, thus shows the destructiveness of the tiger. Blake utilizes his deceptively complex ideas, symbolism, and his allusiveness to portray the essence of evil in The Tyger. Blake uses tyger instead of tiger because it refers to any kind of wild, ferocious cat. The symbolism of the hammer, chain, furnace, and anvil all portray the image of the blacksmith, one of the main central themes in this poem ( Blake 769). William Blake personifies the blacksmith to God, the creator, and Blake himself. The Tyger is about having your reason overwhelmed at once by the beauty and horror of the natural world (Friedlander 1). When the stars threw down their spears / And waterd heaven with their tears (Blake 770). For Blake, the stars represent cold reason and objective science (Friedlander 1). In retrospect, the creation of the tiger represents transcendent mystery and direct reference to the lamb Did he who made the Lamb make thee (Blake 770). The Lamb and the Tyger are polar opposites of each other, one representing the fear of God and the other representing faith or praise of God through nature. As a child one is more like the lamb, innocent and more pure, and as they mature they earn their stripes and become aged and mature by societal tendencies of life like the tiger. The irony in the Songs of Innocence in contrast with the Songs of Experience is that they are opposites but seem to bounce off one another. They both have the same creator, both God and Blake, and suggest morals of good and evil. They are each on the extreme ends of the spirituality spectrum and in the middle is humanity, but you cant have one without the other. In order to have good you have to balance it out with evil, in a sense where good isnt just good, it is the other side of evil, and where evil is the other side of good.

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander the Great Alexander the Great was king of the Macedonians and one of the greatest generals in history. As a student of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, Alexander was embedded with lasting interests in philosophy, politics and warfare. As king, he settled problems by immediate action, making quick decisions and taking great risks. His armies overcame these risks by sheer force and by the ingenious tactics instilled in them by Alexander. He and his armies conquered the Persian Empire, which stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to India and formed much of what was then considered the civilized world. Through his conquests, Alexander helped spread Greek ideas, customs and laws throughout Asia and Egypt and adopted a uniform currency system to promote trade and commerce. He thus spread the rich Hellenistic culture enjoyed by the Greeks throughout the world. Alexander had a dream of the brotherhood of mankind where every person shared a common language, currency and loyalty, but he was unable to see his dream through due to an illness that claimed his life at the young age of 33.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alexander was born in 356 B.C. He was born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia, and of Olympias, a princess of Epirus. At the age of 13, Aristotle was hired to be Alexander’s private tutor. Aristotle inspired interests of politics, other races of people and countries, plants and animals, and a great love for literature in Alexander (“Overview of Alexander the Great.'; 1). He was an outstanding athlete and excelled in every sport of his time (Durant 538). In 338 B.C., at the age of 18, Alexander led the cavalry of his father’s army in the Battle of Chaeronea, which brought Greece under Macedonian control. At the age of 20, Alexander’s father was murdered by one of his bodyguards, and Alexander succeeded the throne as king of Macedonia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Alexander’s father died, some Greek cities under Macedonian rule revolted. In 335 B.C. Alexander attacked the city of Thebes, storming its walls and destroying every building, except the temples and the house of the poet Pindar. His army sold the 30,000 inhabitants of Thebes into slavery or killed them. Alexander’s actions against Thebes discouraged rebellion by the o... ...me seriously ill again. This time, the disease plus the effects of several battle wounds would be enough to claim his life at the age of 32 on June 10. Alexander and his armies conquered the Persian Empire, which stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to India and formed much of what was then considered the civilized world. Through his conquests, Alexander helped spread Greek ideas, customs and laws throughout Asia and Egypt and adopted a uniform currency system to promote trade and commerce. He established cities like Alexandria everywhere he went to help maintain rule and reduce corruption, as well as to promote learning and to encourage commerce and trade throughout the world. He established Greek as the uniform language and brought different cultures together through marriages of his own and others just like his. He brought the world together to promote his idea of the brotherhood of mankind and had plans to reorganize his government and explore the seas around his empire. Alexander the Great accomplished all of this in just 33 years. After his death, the cities of his empire were split between his leading generals who mostly foug ht amongst themselves for control of the empire.

Hamlet again :: essays research papers

Scene i: The play opens in the dead of night on the walls of Elsinore Castle. Gloom, uncertainty and anxiety hang over the kingdom of Denmark, the first words spoken coming as the sentinel's challenge, "Who's there?" In short order we learn from the guard of the night watch that the long-time King of Denmark, "Old Hamlet" or "Ur-Hamlet," died mysteriously just two months earlier, that his brother, Claudius, has taken the throne, and that Claudius has married the dead king's wife, Queen Gertrude. The members of the watch, including Prince Hamlet's loyal friend Horatio, are further alarmed over the recent appearance of a ghost who resembles Hamlet's late father, and they plan to tell Hamlet about this disturbing apparition. (Jump to the text of Act I, Scene i) Scene ii: The play now shifts to the royal court of King Claudius and his new wife, Queen Gertrude, as we first see Hamlet's uncle dealing capably with affairs of state. In this, he is advised by his chief counselor, Polonius, and the King has a cordial exchange with his minister's son, Laertes. Hamlet, however, remains in the background, a surly figure muttering resentful asides. Claudius rejects Hamlet's request to return to college at Wittenberg, and urges him to cease his "unmanly" mourning for his father. When the royal entourage departs, Hamlet speaks a soliloquy about his resentments toward his stepfather, his mother, and their incestuous marriage. Horatio and his cohorts arrive and tell the prince about the ghost they have seen. Hamlet vows to observe it himself. (Jump to the text of Act I, Scene ii) Scene iii:The scene is comprised of an exchange among Polonius, his son Laertes and his daughter, Ophelia. The young maiden Ophelia reveals to her father and brother that Prince Hamlet is "madly" in love with her. Both Polonius and Laertes strongly warn her about any romance with a prince of the realm, particularly one who seems to be mentally unbalanced. (Jump to the text of Act I, Scene iii) Scenes iv-v: Back at the walls of the castle, the Ghost of Hamlet's father speaks to his son directly and urges him to follow him to a one-on-one encounter. Hamlet has misgivings, but he obeys and the ghost then confirms that he is, in fact, the dead King. He also discloses that he was the victim of a murder, that Claudius poured poison into his ear while he was asleep.

Movement Education Essay example -- Health

â€Å"Movement is as natural and essential to young children’s lives as loving care, rest and nutrition. Movement provides children with an outlet for expression, creativity, and discovery. Through movement, children learn about themselves, their environment, and others. Movement is a stimulus for physical growth and development. The joy of movement is a child’s expression of an emotional need fulfilled.† (Curtis) The movement education teaching model, its historical development, its concepts and core activities will be discussed in this essay. Furthermore, the general objectives of movement education, the detailed objectives within physical education programs and the applicable teaching methods will be outlined and explained. The history of movement education goes as far back as the 1800s. Many people articulated ideas and theories about movement. Three of the most influential people are Francois Delsarte, Liselott Diem, and Rudolph von Laban. Laban is considered by most the true pioneer of movement education. (Karen Weiller Abels) In the early 1900s Laban identified the four cornerstones of movement: weight, space, time, and flow. In the late 70s and early 80s, Stanley, Logsdon and his colleagues distinguished the four major movement concepts, based on Labans discoveries. Stanley, Logsdon and his colleagues classified body, space, effort, and relationship. Parallel to the discovery of the movement concepts, new trends and new teaching models emerged in physical education programs. Movement education faded from the physical education programs because other teaching models became popular and because movement education is an extremely complex teaching model. Today, movement education has returned a nd has planted it... ...sical Education, Recreation and Dance. Movement Education for preschool children. Reston: AAHPERD, 1980. Print. Curtis, Sandra R. The joy of movement in early childhood. New York: Teachers College Press, 1982. Print. George Graham, Shirley Ann Holt/Hale, Melissa Parker. Children Moving, A Reflective Approach to Teaching Physical Education. Vol. 8th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2012. Text. 28 March 2012. Jennifer Wall, Nancy Murray. Children & Movement, Physical Education in the Elementary School. Dubuque: WCB Brown & Benchmark, 1990. Print. Karen Weiller Abels, Jennifer M. Bridges. Teaching Movement Education, Foundation for Active Lifestyles. Human Kinetics, 2010. Print. 16 March 2012. Robert P. Pangrazi, Victor P. Dauer. Movement in Early Childhood and Primary Education. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 1981. Print. 16 March 2012.

Programmed costs

The following definition of terms with corresponding examples will help us fully understand the meaning of costs. A cost may be broadly defined as being the sacrifice required to obtain a given object or objective. If costs are to be identified with some relevant unit, such as a department, product line or given amount of service, it is necessary to determine how costs can be expected to behave under different conditions. For example, which costs can be expected to remain constant when there are increases or decreases in the amount of work done?Also, which costs increase as more work is performed? If costs are to be estimated and controlled properly, it is necessary to know whether or not the cost can be expected to change under given conditions and, if so, by what amount. In accounting, fixed costs refer to the costs that do not change in total amount with changes in volume of output or activity over an established or relevant range. Such items as salary of plant of a plant superint endent, depreciation, insurance, taxes, and rent usually remain the same regardless of whether the plant is above or below its normal operating capacity.However, a fixed cost, like any cost, is subject to certain variations. Rent may increase or insurance rates go up, but these changes are caused by factors independent of the firm’s operating level. Fixed costs are sometimes classified as being either committed costs or programmed costs. Management, in making long-range decisions, may commit a company to a cost pattern that extends several years in the future. For example, when a building is acquired, future years have to absorb the depreciation cost and the related property tax, insurance, repairs, and maintenance.These fixed costs are committed costs. Programmed costs, also referred to as managed costs or discretionary costs, are determined as a part of general management policy. A budget for product research and development, for example, may be established each year; or su pervisory salaries are set each year by management decisions. These costs are established at a certain fixed amount, but the amount is determined by management. Variable costs are costs that vary in direct proportion, or in a one-to-one relationship, to changes in productive output or activity.For example, direct material cost is usually a variable cost with each unit manufactured requiring a certain quantity of material. Thus, the materials cost changes in direct proportion to the number of units manufactured. Irrelevant cost is a cost that will not be changed by a decision. Because an irrelevant cost will not be affected, it may be disregarded in the decision-making process. The cost may be variable cost or a fixed cost . The important point is that the cost is not changed by the decision.If the decision involves the production of more units of product, variable are increased and are not irrelevant costs. On the other hand, if no change in productive output or hours of activity is involved in the decision, the variable cost may not be affected, in which case they are disregarded with respect to the decision. Costs can also be classified as being direct or indirect with respect to an activity, a department, or a product. The distinction depends upon whether or not the cost can be identified with the activity or other relevant unit without allocation.A cost such as the plant superintendent’s salary can be readily identified with the plant and hence is a direct cost of the plant. However, it is an indirect cost of any department within the plant or of any line of product manufactured. The plant superintendent’s salary cannot be identified with any unit within the plant except by allocation. A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred in the past whose total will not be affected by any decision made now or in the future.Example, an individual may regret having made a purchase but, after the purchase have been made, cannot avoid the cost by taking subsequent action. Perhaps the property can be sold, in which case the cost of the property is matched against the proceeds from the sale in the determination of gain or loss. Or the person may decide to keep the property, in which case the cost is matched against revenue over the time that it is used in operations. In any event, the cost has been incurred and cannot be avoided.It is sunk cost with respect to present and future decisions. Another important aspect of cost to be considered is the distinction between cost that can be controlled by a given person and those that cannot be controlled by that person. Cost are incurred upon the authorization of some member of the management group. If a manager is responsible for a given cost, that cost is said to be controllable with respect to that person. If the manager does not authorize that cost, the cost is uncontrollable with respect to that manager.For example, top management can increase or decrease executive salaries and c an initiate or abandon major projects. At intermediate or at lower management levels, such cost are beyond their authority and are uncontrollable. Costs that can be authorized at a certain managerial level are said to be controllable at that level. REFERENCES : Blocher, E†¦ et al. (2005). Cost Management: A strategic emphasis. Boston : Mcgraw-Hill/ Irwin. Edmonds T†¦et al. (2006). Fundamental managerial accounting concepts. (3rd ed). New York: Mcgraw-Hill/ Irwin.

Paper Three Rough Draft Essay

Languages define a culture itself and every language in the world expresses the heart and spirit of people who speak it. Languages explain the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication. Everyone has a language that they convey and pursue in everyday activities. Gloria Anzaldua, author of â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†, is a Mexican American woman who takes great pride in her culture, but struggles to keep the form of Spanish called, â€Å"Chicano Spanish† alive. Born and raised in South Texas, Anzaldua will always have Mexican culture in her blood, but living in such a strict American society, she feels pressured to choose to speak either an English that American society would appreciate, or Castilian that the Mexican society would agree with. Growing up, Anzaldua slowly realized that others mistreated her because her language was poor. She expresses herself in the text through her personal experiences, struggles, and her gender role with in her language and culture. Everyone has a specific role that they associate with when it comes to speaking different languages. Anzaldua describes this by saying, â€Å"My ‘home’ tongues are the languages I speak with my sister and brothers, with my friends† (â€Å"Tongue† 36). With Chicano Spanish and Tex-Mex as some of the most dependent languages for her, she also speaks a total of five different languages that she picked up from school, reading literature, and different cultures. She feels most confident when she speaks in her native tongue, without the distraction of adjusting to another language. She knows how to speak many languages, but is always having to speak differently according to different cultures. As time went on, the Chicano language grew rapidly, and now includes elements from seven different languages, such as Standard English, Working class and slang English, Standard Spanish, Standard Mexican Spanish, North Mexican Spanish dialect, Chicano Spanish, and Tex-Mex. Eventually, the Chicanos started to believe they needed a language that could be identified as their own. According to Anzaldua, Chicanos are â€Å"complex, heterogeneous  people,† and because of that, they speak many different languages (â€Å"Tongue†, 36). Is the way we speak always how others you want to interpret it? Growing up, Chicanos believed they spoke poor Spanish. They would feel uncomfortable talking to others because mainstream American culture discouraged the use of their language. She describes the discrimination, â€Å"It is illegitimate, a bastard language. And because we internalize how our language has been used against us by dominant culture, we use our language differences against each other† (â€Å"Tongue†, 38). Therefore, Chicanos felt obligated to use their own dominant language because they were proud of their culture. In this way, Anzaldua takes pride in herself and the language she speaks. She expresses this pride by saying, â€Å"So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language. Ethnic identity is twin to linguistic identity- I am my language† (â€Å"Tongue†, 39). Anzaldua believes that even if you live in a country where the language you speak is not accepted, still continue to use your native tongue because it defines who you are as a person. â€Å"I will no longer be made to feel ashamed of existing. I will have my voice: Indian, Spanish, white. I will have my serpent’s tongue- my woman’s voice, my sexual voice, my poet’s voice. I will overcome the tradition of silence† (â€Å"Tongue† 40). Aristotle classifies language by the use of persuasive arguments and using the three different types of persuasive appeals (pathos, logos, and ethos) (Aristotle 489). Whereas Anzaldua believes there are no right or wrong way to use language. Aristotle view of language is more persuasion whereas Anzaldua’s view is more social and applies more to modern day speaking. Many have the difficulties of speaking certain languages, but imagine those not being able to speak words because of the inability to even hear the words being spoken. This is why her view is more relevant to people today. Anzaldua expresses herself throughout her life of having a challenging time speaking her language; similarly, I Jordan Kohl, believe that language is a special device that s hould not be taken for granted. As someone who has sensorineural hearing loss, I know that language can have many complications. If you cannot hear, you cannot speak. Pronouncing words or phrases beginning with certain letters such as a, ‘’S†, â€Å"W†, and â€Å"T†, has taken numerous years for me to conquer. Anzaldua’s way of learning new languages was through listening at school, radio, TV, and reading newspapers  and magazines; mine was through reading lips, speech therapy, wearing hearing aids, and various hearing tests. While Anzaldua’s experiences may have had a struggle to maintain a positive outlook on her language conflicts, mine was to keep track of listening to other people’s words. Aristotle’s view of persuasive arguments obviously does not apply to my life as much as her does. How we communicate with each other is the way we connect. Anzaldua illustrates that the language we speak should not isolate people from each other. Be proud of the language you speak, even if others do not agree. I myself believe that any language should be honored because some cannot even hear the words. Anzaldua’s perspective has helped people have a better understanding of the importance being appreciative of languages. Language cannot be separated from culture as an independent aspect because any language is a culture itself. Work Cited Anzaldua, Gloria. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.† Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestize (2007) 33-44. Print. Aristotle. â€Å"Rhetoric† 489-501 Print.

Airline Marketing Plan Essay

Executive Summary 1. 0 Executive Summary Puddle Jumpers Airlines, Inc. is a new consumer airline in its formative stages. It is being organized to take advantage of a specific gap in the short-haul domestic travel market. The gap exists in low cost service out of Anytown, U. S. A. The gap in the availability of low cost service in and out of the Anytown hub coupled with the demand for passenger travel on selected routes from Anytown indicates that a new entrant airline could be expected to capture a significant portion of current air travel business at that hub. The management of Puddle Jumpers is experienced in airline start-ups. Previously management grew Private Jet Airlines from a single Boeing 727 to a fleet of 16 MD80 series aircraft. Revenues grew to $130 million in a two year period from 1992 through 1993. Our research and projections indicate that air travel to and from Anytown is sufficient to provide a new carrier with revenues of $110 million dollars in its first full year of operations, utilizing six aircraft and selected short-haul routes. These sales figures are based upon load factors of only 55% in year one. Second year revenues are expected to exceed $216 million dollars with additional aircraft and expanded routes. Load factors for year two are 62%. The Puddle Jumpers plan has the potential for a more rapid ramp-up than was the case with Private Jet due to the nature of the routes and the demand for travel currently in the targeted markets served. In short, the frequency of flights needed to serve Puddle Jumpers’s target market exceeds the demand that dictated Private Jet’s growth. These sales levels will produce net profit of just over $1 million in the first operational year and $21. 4 million dollars in flight year two. Profits in year one will be 1% of sales and will improve to 10% of sales with the economies gained in year two. The over-all operational long term profit target will be 16% of sales as net profit in years three, four, and five. The company’s long term plan is part of the due diligence package. The first operational year is actually fiscal year two in this plan. The first year of formative operations will burn cash until revenue can commence. This is due to the organizational and regulatory obligations of a new air carrier. Investment activity is needed to handle the expenses of this phase of the business. The following chart illustrates the over-all highlights of our business plan over the first three years. Gross Margin here is approximately 87% of sales since the only costs included in this calculation are travel agent commissions, credit card discounts, and federal excise taxes. Travel agent commissions are calculated on 30% of sales even though management feels the actual number will not exceed 10% of sales. NOTE: For display purposes in this sample plan, numerical values in tables and charts are shown in thousands (000’s). Highlights 1. 1 Objectives The Company has the following objectives: 1. To obtain required D. O. T. and F. A. A. certifications on or before March 1, 1997. 2. To commence revenue service on or before July 1, 1997. 3. To raise sufficient â€Å"seed† and â€Å"bridge† capital in a timely fashion to financially enable these objectives. 4. To commence operations with two McDonnell-Douglas MD-80 series aircraft in month one, four by end of month four, and six by end of month six. 5. To add one aircraft per month during year two for a total of 18 at year two end. 1. 2 Mission Puddle Jumpers International Airlines, Inc. has a mission to provide safe, efficient, low-cost consumer air travel service. Our service will emphasize safety as its highest priority. We will operate the newest and best maintained aircraft available. We will never skimp on maintenance in any fashion whatsoever. We will strive to operate our flights on time. We will provide friendly and courteous â€Å"no frill† service. 1. 3 Keys to Success The keys to success are: Obtaining the required governmental approvals. Securing financing. Experienced management. (Already in place). Marketing; either dealing with channel problems and barriers to entry; or solving problems with major advertising and promotion budgets. Targeted market share must be achieved even amidst expected competition. Product quality. Always with safety foremost. Services delivered on time, costs controlled, marketing budgets managed. There is a temptation to fix on growth at the expense of profits. Also, rapid growth will be curtailed in order to keep maintenance standards both strict and measurable. Cost control. The over-all cost per ASM (available seat mile) is pegged at 7. 0 cents or less in 1996 dollars. This ASM factor places Puddle Jumpers in a grouping of the lowest four in the airline industry within the short-haul market. (US Air, the dominate carrier in the Anytown market, averages 12. 0 cents per ASM by comparison). The only three airlines with lower operating costs also operate older and less reliable equipment, and even then the lowest short-haul cost in the airline industry is currently Southwest at 6. 43 cents per ASM. Company Summary 2. 0 Company Summary Puddle Jumpers International Airlines is being formed in July, 1996 as a South State Corporation. Its offices will be in Anytown, Georgia. The founder of Puddle Jumpers is Kenneth D. Smith. Mr. Smith has extensive experience in consumer aviation. His bio as well as the backgrounds of all the members of Puddle Jumpers’s management team are enclosed herein. 2. 1 Company Ownership Puddle Jumpers International Airlines, Inc. will authorize 20,000,000 shares of common stock. 1,000,000 shares are to be set aside as founder’s stock to be divided among key management personnel. It is also expected that management stock options will be made available to key management personnel after operations commence. It is expected that founders stock plus option stock will not total more than 15% of authorized shares. Initial â€Å"seed† capital is to be attracted via a convertible debenture sold by Private Placement. This round of funding will have premium conversion privileges vs. later rounds and â€Å"bridge† capital.

How Trees Improve Environment

Trees are ancient living organisms that existed since the creation of the Earth and have been crucial to the Earth’s ecosystem. The age of a tree is determined by cambium, a layer of growing bark, which forms a ring in the wood of the tree. Each ring of cambium, tells the age of the tree. The climate can also determine how fast a tree grows. For instance, in cool climates, cambium only grows in the spring and summer. But there are some cases where you cannot determine the age of trees, like the trees in a tropical rain forest. The cambium grows all year round. Yet these trees do not have rings. Consequently without the cambium rings, it is difficult to tell the age of these species trees. Since trees have an s As told in the Holy Bible, â€Å"And the Lord God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. † Just as is stated in the Bible, there are all kinds of trees, in all kinds of shapes and sizes. But how important are trees? If all the trees were removed from the Earth, what impact would this have on the environment? Determining the answers to these questions will be a guide in learning about the importance and value of trees in the ecosystem. Trees can have a positive effect on the climate, by shading the ground, trees cool off the Earth’s temperature. Strategically planting trees around air conditioners, windows and the walls which receive the most sun will help in reducing energy costs. Normally, the best position to plant trees is on the west, east and south. It really depends on a specific geographical location. However, according to American Forests’ research, even urban cities get the benefit of cooler temperatures from trees within distances of 35 miles. In fact, American Forests’ research determined that trees saved approximately $2. 8 million annually to Atlanta’s metro city as well as an annual savings for other metro areas across the United States. In addition, in 1991 a partnership between American Forests and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) along with other partners developed the Cool Communities program to promote trees as energy conservation tools. This program was a great success. It helped to educate the public on the ecological and economical importance of trees. But how do trees cleanse the air we breathe? Trees actually eat up the carbon dioxide that is emitted by cars, trucks and factories then releases oxygen (clean air) for us to breathe. Its almost like we feed them the carbon and they repay us with clean breathable air. The fact is one tree can absorb 48lbs of carbon annually and at the same time release enough oxygen to support two human beings. An acre of trees absorb 2. 6 tons annually which is enough carbon dioxide to cover the emissions from a car that is driven 26,000 miles. It is safe to say that we can all aid in having pure breathable air just by planting one tree. The U. S. Forest Service states that during a period of 40 years (1952 to 1992) an estimated 309 million tons of carbon was removed by trees. This is another reason why trees improve our environment.

European Union as an international organization Essay

The European Union cannot be an international organization and it is not a domestic political system. It is a new and unique trend in governance, which transcends the nation – state structure. In the EU the nation – state governments are drifting away from both sub national and supranational systems. This in turn raises questions about the EU’s capacity to govern and its democratic legitimacy. The European Union is composed of democratic nations that aim to achieve peace and prosperity. It is not a nation – state but an international organization with unique features (Europeans united in diversity). However, the events that took place in the period from 1960 to 1970 changed the thinking of federalism by the people. The then French president, Charles de Gaulle was very much interested in nation – state structure in the Europe. However, he rejected the federalist system. Subsequently, the European Council was created in order to take up the matters of the Union with administrative powers. Thus there is no centralized power in the European Union and it was distributed between the primary entities, which do not fall within parliamentary control (Europeans united in diversity). The significant characteristic of the EU is that the decisions taken at the European level are ratified by its Member States in order to establish EU level common institutions, by surrendering their sovereignty on certain specific issues. There is unity in diversity in Europe where there persists a multitude of different traditions and languages. Respecting these shared values, the EU promotes cooperation among the people of Europe and it protects the interests of the individual citizens of Europe. While respecting the sentiments of European citizens, the EU promotes cooperation with external nations without comprising its solidarity and in a spirit of tolerance (Europeans united in diversity). The European Union is a distinct entity. It is not a federation like the United States. Moreover, it is not a simple form of structure as it entails inter – governmental coordination and cooperation. The European Union is composed of a number of Member States. These Member States have combined their individual sovereignty and adopted a system of shared governance, in order to achieve unity and international importance. Nevertheless, as it is noteworthy to mention, these Member States did not relinquish their national sovereignty (McCormick). Further, there is a delegation of powers by the agencies of the European Union, in areas of joint interests, upon which the EU can impose its democratic authority for the benefit of Member States. Thus the European Union is to some extent an intergovernmental organization and to some extent it is a supranational organization. The supranational aspects of the EU include economic policy, social policy, immigration policy and education. The intergovernmental aspects comprises of mutual cooperation between the member states in order to formulate a common foreign policy and security policy (McCormick). The intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations are in general constituted by several states in order to promote voluntary cooperation and coordination amongst them (McCormick). The Member States of such an organization retain their independence and the decisions and agreements taken are not enforceable. The Member States of the European Union do not surrender their sovereignty to it. However, in the supranational organization, Member States are required to surrender their sovereignty in certain key areas to the governing body of the supranational organization (McCormick). Moreover, the Member States are also required to comply with the decisions taken at the supranational level. The Courts would initiate penal actions for violations by the member states. The European Union has both the characteristics of an intergovernmental organization and supranational government. An international organization is an entity which develops voluntary cooperation and coordination among its members (McCormick). Hence the European Union cannot be a truly typical international organization. The normal features and definition of an international organization is narrow in its scope. Therefore, the European Union cannot be compared to an ordinary international organization. The European Union is founded by an international treaty like any other international organization. However, it cannot be construed to be a proper international organization and a very close description is that it is not a state, nor a nation – state; but a characterization of sui generis (Vuorinen). The fundamental characteristic that differentiates the European Union from other international organizations is that it attempts to change the Member States. Integration is the process that brings about the coalescing of state structures. The European Union has several structures combined together some of these structures represent the characteristics of a federal state while other structures resemble an international organization. In the process of evolution, the EU had gone beyond an association of states and became an economic and political union. However, the EU is not a federal state (Vuorinen). The emergence of the European Community was the result of federalist views. Its drafters were of the opinion that federalism would be the solution to the persistent problem of war in Europe. Thus their main objective was to establish a federal state. These efforts resulted in the formulation of the European Coal and Steel Community in the year 1951, which created a common market for the coal and steel industries of that period. The objective of this institution was to combine the important and strategic resources of Europe. Subsequently in 1957 The Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community or EEC and the European Atomic Energy Commission or Euratom (Vuorinen). The federalist creation of the Union was based upon the three important pillars of the EU, namely, the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice. These branches of the EU, which do not pertain to any single member state of the Union, aim to promote the common European policy. The federal structure could have operated with a sufficient degree of democracy (Vuorinen). The European Union has been described as an international organization and with the adoption of a constitution it can become a supranational organization in addition to an intergovernmental organization. The Maastricht Treaty of the year 1993 established two types of institutionalized cooperation in the European Community, the Common Foreign and Security Policy or CFSP and cooperation on justice and international issues. Since, the extant system in respect of functioning of the EU involves the surrender of sovereignty by states to the EU in certain areas and the dependence of the member states on intergovernmental cooperation in other areas, it can be describes as a hybrid system (European Union). Issues of international interests of the EU are regulated by the Integration Ministry; some of these issues encompass the cooperation of EU, Nordic legislation and cooperation with the United Nation’s agencies. Extension of such cooperation is frequent to the United Nations Refugee Agency or the UNHCR, the Council of Europe, Intergovernmental Consultations or IGC and the International Organization for Migration or the IOM (The Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs). Furthermore, the Ministry negotiates with many foreign nations on issues relating to repatriation agreements, other forms of practical cooperation as well as mutual exchange of information. The International Division of the Integration Ministry governs international cooperation and participates in meeting and makes the necessary preparations for meetings and discussions that involve other nations. This Division also prepares meetings in Denmark with regard to issues relating to asylum and immigration. It also makes the necessary preparations for EU casework in national procedure (The Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs). The destruction and loss of a large number of human lives in the Second World War resulted in European integration, which was expected to put a stop to such killing and destruction. In the year 1950, Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister proposed the idea of European integration. The present European Union consists of five institutions with specific goals. These are the European Parliament, which is elected by the citizens of the Member States; the Council of the European Union, which represents the governments of the Member States; the European Commission, which is the executive branch of the EU; the European Court of Justice, which ensures compliance with the EU law by the Member States and the Court of Auditors, which controls and ensures efficient and legal management of the EU budget (The European Union). There are other important agencies, which support these five driving forces of the European Union. They are, the European Economic and Social Committee, which reflects the opinions of the civil society on issues pertaining to economic and social interests; the Committee of the Regions, which is responsible for monetary policies and regulates the euro; the European Ombudsman, which deals with the complaints of individuals in case of breach of law or failure of proper administration by any EU institution or agency and the European Investment Bank, which promotes the objectives of the EU by providing financial support to investment projects. In addition, there are several other institutions to facilitate the smooth functioning of the EU (The European Union). The functionality of the EU is based on the Treaties, which were ratified by the Member States. In the beginning there were only six nations in the EU and these were Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In 1973 Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom became members of the European Union and subsequently, in 1981 Greece became a member. In the year 1986 Spain and Portugal and in the year 1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the European Union. In the year 2004 the largest expansion of the European Union took place with ten new countries being permitted to become members of the European Union (The European Union). In the beginning, much attention was bestowed on providing cooperation in the areas of trade and economy. Subsequently, the EU became the guardian of the Member States and commenced to deal with a wide range of issues pertaining to all aspects of society and humans. The EU protects the rights of individuals, ensures freedom, security and justice, employment, regional development and environmental protection. For more than fifty years the EU has been catering to the needs of its member states in respect of stability, peace and prosperity. It strived hard to enhance the standard of living of its citizens. It created a single European market, launched the euro or the single European currency and fortified the European Union’s stance on the international platform (The European Union). The European Union plays an important role in the field of international trade. It provides advantageous norms for trade to a large number of developing countries. The EU withdraws the preferential business terms from a country that violates these norms, while dealing with any member state of the EU. Moreover, the EU is the largest single donor of humanitarian and development aid in the world. The financial aid supplied by the EU and its member states comprises sixty percent of the total aid to the world. The EU also provides assistance for reconstructing nations ravaged by war and its aid projects are significant in promoting peace among warring nations and in settling disputes. The foreign assistance programs of the EU are remarkable in respect of the benefits offered to refugees of war and famine. Economic integration in the EU has become a role model for many upcoming trade blocs, which have consequently, sought the support of the EU in their financial reforms. Thus, the EU is an economic giant and a superpower. As a matter of fact, the EU influences the economic activities and policies of most nations of the world and plays a key role in the global economy and occupies the first rank in this area (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign Policy Activity). In the international arena the EU had evolved as a superpower from its very inception. It underwent considerable modifications and later on it expanded itself by establishing common institutions and foreign policy requirements. In 1958, the Rome Treaty founded the European Community and established a legal pedestal on which the EU forged ahead to influence international trade activities, foreign aid programs and diplomatic terms with countries that were not its members. In 1970, the European Political Cooperation was established to facilitate governments to initiate dialogue and promote mutual cooperation with respect to foreign policy matters. In 1987, the Single European Act was developed. In 1993, the EU was institutionalized by the Treaty. The EU is supported by three pillars, the first is the European Community, the second is the New Common Foreign and Security Policy and the third pillar is comprised of by the policies with regard to anticrime and police cooperation (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign Policy Activity). In 1998, the Treaty of Amsterdam had modified the Treaty of European Union. It brought about High Representation for the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The European Security and Defense Identity was supplanted by the European Security and Defense Policy in 1999. This change facilitated the EU to establish a rapid deployment force to maintain peace in the region. The Common Foreign and Security Policy is a set of objectives, procedures and devices formulated to encourage sophisticated joint actions and positions in foreign policy. The CFSP also formed the link between joint actions and civilian foreign policy of the EC. These developments transformed the EU into an international organization in the areas of commerce, trade, aid and diplomatic relations. Moreover, the European Foreign Policy addresses civilian actions, policies, relations, commitments and choices of the EU in international politics (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign Policy Activity). The nature of the EFP controls the competence of the organs of the EU, so as to influence matters pertaining to international politics. As an international actor the EU enjoys a special status in international politics. However, there is still some doubt regarding the nature of the EU because it has no polity and because it is not a state or a territory with fixed borders. There are an array of tests that measure the end results of the foreign policy and decision – making power of the EU. However the scope of the CFSP was not utilized to the fullest extent by the EU. The end results achieved through this instrument clearly establish the prominence and effective role of the EU as an international actor in international politics (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign Policy Activity).

Strategic Planning for Digital Marketing CommunicationsSummative Essay - 1

Strategic Planning for Digital Marketing CommunicationsSummative Assessment - Essay Example Moreover, the UK economy has also witnessed the presence of too many small, medium, and large food and drinks setups in last few years. This is mainly because of the fact that an average UK resident spends 11.3% of his income on food and drinks. There is no doubt that hotels and restaurants have been benefitted by the tourists and locals making way for the success but this has also resulted in the severe competition. Moreover, with 40% of the service tax on the total amount charged by the restaurants and hotels; there is a bit of burden on them in order to be competitive along with being ahead in the value creation process to strengthen the economy (Pesto, 2013). Business Challenges- Customer’s Point of View In last two years, an average UK customer has been spending more than 12% of his income on foods and drinks showing the interest level. However, with unemployment at an alarming high and reduction in the disposable income of people mainly because of the economic and busine ss situations; the overall spending of customers might plummet and thus causing concern for the restaurants and hotel (Pesto, 2013). Furthermore, hotels and restaurants have to pay service tax that is 40% of the total amount charged and in order pay service tax along with being profitable, it become important to concentrate on economies of scale. From customers’ point of view, it can be assumed that there are moderate concerns that may not affect the overall spending on food and drinks for a long period of time. Industry Challenges- Market Competition The hotel and restaurant industry has been affected by the rising inflation, low disposable income of consumers, and service tax structure. Moreover, there are a number of restaurants and hotels offering similar food items. Rollers Cafe is not the only cafe offering delicious Swiss rolls with an in-house open kitchen sharing the recipe with consumers. The chocolate cafe and Hames chocolate cafe are also offering different variet ies of chocolates to consumers. Thus, it can he assumed that the competition is quite high as consumers like to eat things that are different in taste and presentation. In order to attract customers, it is important to offer food items at an affordable and attractive price and in the case of Rollers, prices of food items start from ?2 and can be considered as quite impressive. The competition in the food industry can be mitigated by offering quality products and in the case of Rollers, it can be said that with utmost transparency and customer oriented approach; it has been successful to create a place for chocolate lovers. However, it may face challenges in coming years if lacking differentiation strategies (Kotler and Philip, 2012). Industry Challenges- Customer Perception There is no doubt that chocolates are loved by many and customers tend to buy chocolates for no reasons. At the same time, customers buy chocolates for gifting and other purposes (Adcock, et al, 2001). The percep tion of customers regarding chocolates is very hard to analyse and assess considering the fact that different customers have different preferences. Chocolates are considered as a source of delight and customers do not compromise with the quality. However, when chocolates are presented in a different manner and forms; they are preferred and liked by many (Lotz, 2007). Thus, it becomes important to switch to a product differentiation s

A Visit of Charity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Visit of Charity - Research Paper Example She presents herself as a campfire girl whose main aim of the trip was to earn three points (Welty 216). In her trip, she carries along a potted plant which she takes to the nursing home. During her visit, she was quite surprised by the behavior of the old women that she met. The short visit to the home was quite a challenge to her that she even felt like fleeing from this bizarre location. This was mainly because of the behavior of the two women that she met in the nursing home. In the narrative, the writer, Eudora Welty presents concerns of selfishness and heartlessness among other behaviors in an ironic tone. This paper will discuss the short narrative, A Visit of Charity. This narration is largely centered on Marian; a 14-year old girl, who once visited an elderly nursing home. The setting of the narration is presented as a beaten block, and it revealed the winter sun like a block of ice (Welty 216). It is redecorated by spiky dark hedge plants. These scenarios imply the lack of warmth and affection from a society towards the isolated elderly citizens in the nursing home. Marian is the central character of the story. The aim of her visit was to earn a minimum of three points in her score. After speaking with the nurse at the main desk, she was taken to a room where she met two elderly women. She was shocked by their behaviors. This included the sheep bleating noise that was made often by one of elderly women in that room. These strange happenings scared the girl, almost making her flee the area. She had carried flowers in a pot which the nurse referred to as multiflora cineraria (Welty 216). Soon afterwards, the flowers were taken away from Marian by one of the old women in the room. The two women in the room started pointing out their thoughts about the potted plant after snatching it from Marian. She then sits back and listens to the two old women argue senselessly. One of the women claimed that the flowers belonging to Marian were

State Coordinating Boards and accountability measures Essay

State Coordinating Boards and accountability measures - Essay Example In order to enhance competitiveness in the international marketplace, Governments are increasingly focusing on the need to improve the quality of human capital that is the product of higher educational institutions. Therefore, there is an accountability that is being demanded of these organizations, through the use of external evaluation and performance measures to assess the quality of the education that is being imparted and the effectiveness of policy outcomes. These moves are posing a threat to academic freedom, which gives an individual the right to â€Å"study and teach whatever he or she wants to without threat of sanction† [Tierney, 1998, pp 41], even if this course of study may be such that it does not contribute to maximizing economic returns for the public dollars that have been funneled into education. Educational institutions have traditionally functioned with autonomy because that makes them more â€Å"flexible and responsive, given their relative freedom from command and control by centralized Government†¦..[The result] is higher levels of organizational innovation and more variety within national systems of higher education† [Dee, Henkin and Chen, 2000, p 204]. However, increasing economic pressures leading to the corporatization of higher education are impinging upon the autonomy of educational institutions [Bok, 2003] and pose a serious threat to the achievement of true academic goals [Kirp, 2003]. The conflict between maintaining academic autonomy while simultaneously persevering policy accountability is an ongoing one, in which State Coordinating Boards are faced with the greatest difficulties in defining their role and achieving the right balance between autonomy and accountability.